Protecting Information Resources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Protecting Information Resources - Assignment Example Instead, one should memorize one’s PIN to prevent an identity thief from determining it. A third recommendation is analyzing one’s credit releases. To know about possible identity thefts, one should go through his or her credit reports regularly to view transactions, registrations, approvals, and any previous activity on one’s cards or accounts. Regular analysis hinders potential harm since one detects identity theft promptly. Fourthly, shredding documents with one’s personal information or numbers is a critical and safe way of disposing it. A shredding machine is the simplest, relatively cheap, and best way to safeguard oneself from dumpster divers. One hinders identity thieves from getting personal information from one’s trash by shredding document such as preapproved cards, checks, bank declarations, and deposit slips. Lastly, checking one’s mail early lowers exposure to mail theft. One can ask the post office to hold your mail when one has traveled for a given period. Also locking the mailbox prevents thieves from accessing mail with personal

Describe The Factors To Consider Essay Example for Free

Describe The Factors To Consider Essay There are a number of factors to consider when promoting effective communication. When using verbal communication with patients it is important to speak looking at them, speaking slowly and clearly and using simple language,. It is important to note that when working with patients with learning disabilities we have made sure they have understood what I have said. When speaking with colleagues or professionals the language I use can be more complex and often I will speak faster however most factors remain the same, it is still important that information given verbally is clear and concise. An example of this is when this is when I have mentored new staff I make sure I talk over everything slowly and clearly and I also get then to repeat some of that information back to show they have understood. Verbally communicating in this way will differ dependant on weather I am talking on a one to one basis or to a group. If I am talking to a group I must remember to address everyone and not exclude anyone. When using non-verbal communication there are many different factors to consider. For example, if I am slummed back in a chair, it may show that I am not interested in the conversation. Eye contact is also very important as this can show that I am engaged in the conversation, other things to consider would be hand gestures, body language and facial expressions, for example, if I frown or have my arms folded I may give a negative impression. Finally it is important to remember that for effective communication to take place it involves both parties to be engaged. Being able to listen well is vital in a two way conversations.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for MIB

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for MIB SNMP Abstract: SNMP or Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol that provides the exchange of management information between network devices. SNMP is a part of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite. Through this research the emergency of network management will be managed for fire alarm, power off. Managing devices such as computers is vital and tracking for its safe and emergency issues will assist in many aspects such as identifying location, solving communication issues etc. In this research we will propose a SMNP based solution for effectively managing computer devices. In this research we will propose a MIB [Management Information Base] using ASN1.0 specification and also proposing a prototype on the implementation. Then based on our proposed prpotype we will evaluate. ASN for the proposed MIB has been designed as part of this research but it could not be implemented with real time implementation due to lack of resource for SNMP based developemnt. Aim: Propose a solution for SNMP based Emergency management for an organization Objectives: Research on network management using SNMP. Proposing an MIB Tree for the emergency network management Critically evaluating the proposed solution for SNMP based emergency network management. Introduction Network management is managing and maintaining different components and its functioning in a network. Network should be managed in an efficient way for avoiding different attacks. Several protocols are used for managing network. Management plays a vital role for monitoring the state of the network and analyses the performance. Among such protocols Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is one which is used for monitoring the network. The main purpose of this protocol is designed for maintaining devices in network in internet protocols (IP). The network management performance can be used for transporting network information and its elements functioning (Stephen F. Bush and Amit B Kulkarni, 2001). SNMP in networks provides reliable and integrated network management. Several attacks may occur in network, for analyzing networks should be managed in an efficient way. The SNMP manages the network with the usage of different commands to the network and is useful in different networks. Th ere are several architectures for SNMP which is used depending upon the network mechanisms. It performs several operations in network for managing different components in the network. For performing all these operations SNMP uses Management Information Base (MIB) for handling components in the network. In this project SNMP and its performance in network is analyzed with the help of case study approach. The emergency preparedness is important part in network management and is equal to other maintenance works. One of the problems in network is traffic (German Goldszmidt and Jurgen Schonwalder, 2003). Sometimes the flow of data is more in network which causes traffic in network. In order to avoid traffic limited number of data should be transmitted in the network. Another problem that occurs in networks is security. Sometimes intruders may involve in network which leads to loss of data, in order to avoid this SNMP protocol performs several operations. For identifying network problems w ith SNMP components in network uses Management Information Base. Manager plays major role in managing the network. SNMP emergency services are very much helpful for the managing the network. This project uses emergency management of SNMP in order to solve problems that occur in networks (Geln E. Clarke, 2005). Hence from above context it can be concluded that SNMP is one of the protocol which helps in managing the network. Several problems may occur in network like traffic and security to the data. SNMP emergency management helps in managing the networks by performing different operations. Research Problem The network management protocols identify the communication between the network management server programs that are executing on the router or host, and the network management client program invoked by the manager. Considering these factors, it can be expected that the network management protocols contains numerous commands (Douglas Comer, 2006). The major disadvantage of constructing the network management protocols is the resulting complexity because this protocol needs an individual command for every operation on the data item. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is useful in such types of cases. SNMP makes an interesting approach to network management. In place of defining the large command set, SNMP directs all the operations in a fetch-store paradigm. SNMP makes use of only two commands which allow the manager to store values into the data item and get the value from the data item. Other operations are described as the side-effects of the two operations. The main adva ntage of using the fetch-store paradigm is simplicity, flexibility and stability. SNMP is stable as its meaning remains fixed. SNMP is also easy to understand, debug and implement as it evades the difficulties of using special cases for every command. Finally the SNMP is flexible as it can contain the arbitrary commands in a well-designed framework (Douglas Comer, 2006). Problem Context: Importance of emergency in SNMP In the present scenarios of the Simple Network Management protocol, there are numerous of conditional factors that involves in defining the perspectives of the response in emergency SNMP (Amjad Umar, 2003). The emergency response can be used as a tool guide to the proposed scheme. The situation of the emergency can be found in the several areas of the networking management. The state of emergency can be found in many context such as market demand, failure in the key resources, shortage in the areas of the supply, in the same way there is a need of the emergency can be found in the areas of the political sciences and public administration. As in the same way in this research the point to be focused on is the emergency response of the Simple Network Management Protocols (Harold F. Tipton and Micki Krause, 2004). The factor that contributes to the difficulty in the emergency are lack of flexibility in making decision, lack of available resources, lack of response in option, failure in c ommunicating and cascading the events. To overcome these whole problems in the SNMP emergency, it must have to develop the outstanding plans that can be used for giving the training on the extensive simulation of the Emergency Response. Most of the organizations get failure only because of the one reason that is managing the emergency situations (Rob Cameron, Neil R. Wyler, Trent Fausett, Kevin Fletcher, Patrick Foxhoven and Mark J. Lucas, 2007). If the emergency situations in an organization are maintained in a superior approach then it may lead to loss in the communication, information and essential data. Hence a proper management system is required for organizing the emergency situations in Simple Network Management protocol. This protocol is used to reduce the traffic when a emergency situation is occur in the network, then the preventive measures that has to be taken are recovery, preventives in the system, improving the communication scheme, performance and work on the basis o f the propriety. Research Method: Case study is one of the best methods for researchers; these are effectively used by the people to understand the contest of the study. It is less complexity and adds strength to the data which is used in the research. The steps that is followed in this case study are * Determine the theme of the research * Select the cases and analysis the techniques for gathering the data * Preparation for the collection * Collection of the data according to the field * Estimate and analyze that data * Preparation of the report This study is to manage the emergency in Simple Network Management protocol. The organization that involves in the SNMP managements standards, that provides the major introduction to the organization management. There are several conditions that have an impact on the areas like co-operation and trading (Bill Gillham, 2000). To develop the management system in the SNMP is based on the information and communication. This includes the problems, listing the questions, describing the method that involve in the research. The key features of the report includes the detail of the Simple Network Management Protocols in the management information of specific data that relates to the successes or disappointments experienced by the organizations that were conveyed during data collection and answers or comments illuminating issues directly related to the research questions (Ben Beiske, 2007). The researcher develops each issue using quotations or other details from the data that is collected, and points out the uses of data where it is applicable. The data also includes the confirming and conflicting findings from literature reviews. The report conclusion makes assertions and suggestions for further research activity, so that another may apply these techniques to another electronic community, network and its management to determine whether similar findings are particularly to in communities that belongs to the network (George L. Dunbar, 2005). Final report distribution includes all participants. Within the case study it has been analyzed at the first time whether the technique used with each non-profit organization under study. The assigned investigator studies each organizations written documentation and survey response data as a separate case to identify unique patterns within the data for the single organization. A detailed case study that is, written ups for each organizing management, categorizing interview questions and answers and examining the data for within group similarities and differences. Cross case analysis follows. Investigators examine pairs of cases, categorizing the similarities and differences in each pair (Kathleen Stassen Berger, 2004). Investigators then examine similar pairs for differences, and dissimilar pairs for similarities. As patterns begin to emerge, certain evidence that may stand out as being in conflict with the patterns. In those cases, the investigator conducts follow-up focused interviews to confirm or correct the initial data in order to tie the evidence to the findings and to state relationships in answer to the research questions. Chapters Summary: In summary, here there is a discussion about the case studies in terms of the different types of case studies which is found in the literature. The case studies are considered to be useful in research as it enable researchers to examine data at the fine level. It is an alternative to quantitative or qualitative research, case studies is a practical solution to when a big sample population is difficult to obtain. Although the case studies have a variety of advantages, so it is used for data management for having the better situations and it provide a better insights for the document in detail to which the subjects of Interest is related. Case study method has always been criticized for its lack of severity and the tendency for a researcher. It is the base for establishing reliability and generality in subjected to uncertainty when a small sampling is deployed. Some case study research is dismissed as useful only as an exploratory tool. Hence as the case study have various advantages o ver the qualitative or the quantitative researches. So it is used in this research. Summary of chapters: Chapter 2 includes the Literature review for the related research work. Chapter 3 discusses the analysis of problem requirements which is providing a solution for managing or developing emergency based system. We have used SNMP and MIB based approach to provide the design of the emergency based provision. We will be using MIB tree and ASN based design and development for this. Chapter 4 includes the development and data collection which will be obtained through SNMP Query for Firealarm and Power off. Chapter 5 covers the analysis and evaluationof results or test data, This has the effectiveness of the research and proposed solution for emergency. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Network Management Network Management is a service which employs different applications, tools and devices to assist the network managers in maintaining and monitoring networks. Hence the meaning of Network Management is different for different users. For example in certain cases the network management involves a single network advisor monitoring the network activity by utilizing an obsolete protocol analyzer. In other cases the network management involves auto polling, distributed database and high end workstations producing real time network topology traffic and changes (Network Management n.d). Architecture of Network Management Many of the network management architectures use similar set of elements, structure and relationships. The managed devices or end devices like the computer systems and network devices run the basic software which allows them in producing alerts when problems are recognized. For instance consider the exceeded user determined thresholds. The alerts received are programmed by the management entities to respond by executing one, group of actions like operator notification, system shut down, automatic attempts and event logging by system repair. Even the entities of the management can be polled for end stations to verify the values of definite variables (Network Management n.d). The polling can be user initiated or automatic but the agents of managed devices react to all polls. These agents are the software modules which first compile information regarding managed devices in which they reside. Later the information is stored in management database and is finally produced to the management entities reactively or proactively of the network management systems (NMSs) through a protocol of network management. The network management protocols include Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Figure 1 represents basic network management architecture (Network Management n.d). Sampling Techniques Network Management involves the status information of queue occupancy, latency, load and other parameters which is available from devices like switches, networking interfaces and routers. This information of the network management is accessed by the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) (Edwin A. Hernandez, Matthew C. Chidester, and Alan D. George, 2000). The Network Management Station (NMS) of the SNMP queries the agents or network devices to evaluate the status of the network links or devices periodically. The accuracy of the data measured is determined by period of sampling. A transient activity cannot be detected accurately if the sampling interval is large and a greater storage capacity is required at the NMS as small intervals consume larger bandwidths on the network. For instance, a burst of major action with few seconds is probable to be undetected with sampling interval of some minutes. To balance the accuracy with sampling several sampling techniques have been practical to the managers of network. Some of these sampling techniques are: SNMP Architecture: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the network protocol which is used in network management systems. This protocol is designed to administer the devices on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It collects the information from different network devices such as routers, servers, hubs on an internet protocol. It is used for managing complex networks. The SNMP architecture consists of different set of components such as network management system and the SNMP agent and the managed device. The managed device is also known as the network elements. It is connected to the data network. The SNMP agent collects the data from the managed device and transforms it to another format using SNMP. This agent acts as a server, switch, hub and many others. The NMS is the one of the module of the SNMP which basically executes the applications which can manage and control the managed devices like physical devices such as routers, network interfaces and software. They manage the remote monitoring of these managed components and do the sampling. Then after do the analysis of the collected information and finally gives the presentation of the information (Steven Karris T, 2004). All the devices in the architecture are referred as managed devices. The managed device in the architecture acts as an SNMP agent which facilitates the network management syst em to recover the status of managed device. All the available information of the managed devices is been addressed through management information base (MIB). There are two types of MIBs. They are scalar and tabular. The scalar object of MIBs denotes the single object instances and the tabular objects of MIBs define the multiple object instances. If the network management system recognizes which device to be managed in MIB then it changes the MIB objects with the relevant requests to the agent of SNMP. The information of MIB is loaded into the network management system with the help of MIB file. The network management system acts as the master device where as the managed device and the SNMP agent acts as a slave device. It provides security by preventing unauthorized users to gain access on the system. This security is performed with the help of community string. This string acts as the password and groups the data either to read-only or read-write areas (Thomas Porter, 2006). The ap plication server of the SNMP agent is designed to run the specific applications. The SNMP agents and the network management systems communicate each other with different set of operations such as read, write and trap. The NMS requests the SNMP agent through read operation and it sends the information through write operation. The notifications are sent from SNMP agent to NMS through trap operation. Hence from the above context it is understood that SNMP is used in many applications. It is implemented in many operating systems. The storage network of the SNMP architecture consists of switch and the hub which acts as the interface between the components. All the devices such as managed devices, MIB are connected only through storage network. Tape library contains more than one tape drives which stores bulk amount of data. It acts as a SNMP agent. The SNMP agent translates the whole information. Different SNMP versions are derived to increase the performance of the system. SNMP ahs the followings: Network Element: if any tool connects to the network then that tool can be called as network element. Some of the tools like gateways, hosts, terminal servers, servers, switches, firewalls, and active hubs. Management station: this station includes a platform which contains software in SNMP that manages and controls the network elements. SNMP agent: it is a software management agent which is responsible for executing the functions in the network management after receiving the messages from the management station. SNMP request: a message which travels from management station to SNMP agent in the network device. SNMP trap receiver: it even receives the notification messages from SNMP agent on network devices. Management information base: it is a method which identifies the elements in SNMP database. SNMP Architecture Simple Network Management Protocol is very popular not only because of its simple operation but also due to easy of usage. This protocol is very useful for manufacturers and seller as it is easy to use SNMP technology for the manufacturers while adding network management functions to their products (Kerrie Meyler, Cameron Fuller, John Joyner Andy, 2008). Components of the SNMP Architecture: The SNMP architecture mainly contains two components, managers and agents, apart from standards which are used for controlling the interactions between components. By using SNMP commands, these managers and agents communicate with each other. These commands are explained in RFC 1157. Here, the managers organize the functioning of agents. The agents provide the data to the managers by interacting with the devices like routers and computers. These devices are also known as managed devices (Ramadas Shanmugam, R. Padmini S.Nivedita, 2002). The protocol used for communication between manager and agent is referred as SNMP. Generally, the SNMP managed network consists of three components; they are (Deon Reynders Edwin Wright, 2003): * Managed devices. * Agents. * Network-management systems (NMSs). Managed devices: It is a network node which includes SNMP agent which exists in a managed network. These devices gather and store the management information. By using SNMP, managed devices enable the management information to network-management systems (NMSs). It also responsible for querying the agents by using SNMP commands. Managed devices can also be known as network elements, these can be any type of devices like routers, switches, hubs, access servers, bridges, IP telephones, printers, or computer hosts (Gilbert Held, 2003). Agent: It is a network-management software module which exists in managed devices. Agent software represents one or more program modules which operate within the managed devices like bridge, router, workstation or gateway. Each of the managed agent stores information and provides these information to the manager after receiving the request from the manager. It translates the management information into a well-suited form with SNMP (Deon Reynders Edwin Wright, 2003). Network-managed systems (NMSs): This system performs applications that examine the managed devices. It provides a large amount of memory resources for network management. In any managed network, there should one or more number of NMSs (Gilbert Held, 2003). SNMP operations SNMP reads or writes the values in applications from SNMP devices. There are four basic SNMP operations, they are Get, Get-next, Set and Trap. Get and Set are the basic operations which are mostly used for reading and writing data to a node which are identified by a specific OID. It also requests the values of one or more SNMP objects and sets the values of SNMP object. Get-next reads the content of the tables at a time and steps through MIB hierarchy. Trap is an asynchronous notification from server (agent) to client (manager) which reports the occurrence of an interesting event. It sends the information in the form of packet to SNMP (Evi Nemeth, Garth Snyder Trent R. Hein, 2006). Basic commands of SNMP Commands are explained in RFCs, there are many RFCs which relate to SNMP components. The importance of these RFCs is it describes the operation of the protocols. Generally, there exists three RFCs; they are RFC 1155, RFC 1157 and RFC 1213. RFC 1155 used for Structure of Management information (SMI), it explains about the data types and structure that should be used for managed objects. RFC 1157 is used for Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), it describes protocol and operation of SNMP. RFC 1213 is used in Management Information Base (MIB) (Philip Miller, 1997). By using four basic commands in SNMP, managed devices are monitored and controlled. They are namely read, write, trap, and travel operations (Deon Reynders Edwin Wright, 2003). Read command it is used by NMSs, in order to monitor the managed devices. NMS inspect various variables which are maintained by managed devices. Write command to control managed devices, these commands are used by NMS. The variables in the managed devices are changed by NMS. Trap command- these commands are utilized by the managed devices to asynchronously report the result to the NMS. Whenever there are certain results in the managed devices, then managed devices send rap to NMS (Deon Reynders Edwin Wright, 2003). Transversal operations- NMS make use of these operations to identify the variables which supports managed device and also collects the data in variable tables like routing table. SNMP Network Management Managing a network is very difficult task for any administrator as it deals with huge number of nodes and protocols. The best way to keep track of all the nodes that exists in a network is to identify and implement an effective protocol which can allow a user to read or write a particular piece of information. SNMP is one of the network management protocol preferred by most of the network administrators in organizations. SNMP can be available with three versions; each has enhanced features when compared with its previous versions. SNMPv3 can offer high security features while managing organizational network. A network manager in an organization has to play a key role in managing the networks. Using of SNMP for network management can be advantageous as it can solve most of the problems that exists in a network (Sebastian Abeck and Adrian Farrel, 2008). Thus, performance of network mostly depends on the network protocols used by the administrator. Network management using SNMP protocols can be identified as a request/reply process. SNMP makes use of request messages like GET and SET while managing a network. Through GET request a SNMP server can retrieve the required information from a node where as SET request can stores specific information on a node. SNMP servers mostly use GET requests in order to manage a network. SNMP implementation efficiency largely depends on these requests and replies from the nodes or servers (Dinesh Chandra Verma, 2009). A network administrator has to recognize the network details before implementing SNMP protocols. Client programs in networks can be utilized by network administrators in order to display the actual details of a network. While displaying network details a client program acts like an interface. When a user or administrator wants to access specific information, a request must be sent to the server. For sending request to particular node, a client program makes use of SNMP protocols. R equests from the users will be received by SNMP servers running on the specified node. SNMP server processes these requests and finds the information required for a user. Finally a client program will display the information based on the response received from SNMP servers. The major aspects that has to be understood in SNMP network management is, how a user can specify the information request and how a server recognizes the required information (Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie, 2007). SNMP makes use of Management Information Base (MIB) for retrieving the required information. MIB performs the function of identifying information from SNMP databases. As SNMP uses MIB, a particular syntax for the requests has to be specified. For implementing SNMP with MIBs a standard specification like ASN.1 can be used. A SNMP client agent keeps an ASN. 1 identifier in MIB, SNMP server searches the required information based on the identifier specified by the client. For managing a network SNMP makes use of various network components. Every SNMP agent will interact with MIBs and Network Management Systems while managing a network (Monique Morrow and Kateel Vijayananda, 2003). Hence from the above discussion it can be understood that, SNMP operates in client/ server mode which establishes virtual connections with the servers to provide information to the Network Management Systems (NMS). The information provided to NMS can provide the devices status at a particular time. MIB in SNMP refers to the databases controlled by SNMP agents and SNMP servers retrieve the information based on MIBs in networks. Network management through SNMP can be an effective and most used method in present organizational networking environments. Many large organizations use SNMP tools for managing their networks effectively. Why SNMP SNMP is defined as simple network management protocol. Network management system will make use of SNMP for communicating with various network objects. SNMP is mostly used for the remote management of network device. SNMP is widely used because it easy to use and user can easily add the network management functions to their new or existing products. SNMP runs on various devices like network tools, core network devices and office network tools (Ray Rankins, Paul Jensen and Paul Bertucci, 2002). SNMP allow network and system administrator to access network devices that are present in their networks such as server, routers etc. SNMP for the management of network device contains one SNMP station and management station. Management station is mainly utilized to arrange the network elements and to receive the SNMP traps from those elements. By making use of SNMP, network monitor can observe changes and alerts that are identified in the network elements. If the size of network is increased th en method called management is required. In SNMP errors obtained are varies from one agent to other agent but will include system failure, disk warning etc (Harold F. Tipton and Micki Krause, 2004). If the device passes an alert to the management station then network management itself involves in rectifying the problem. Time to time configuration request should be send to the device. If provided string is correct then automatically configuration of the device will change according to the requirement. Organizations can identify the status of all equipments and can also perform remote trouble shooting. SNMP is nothing but a protocol that is used to develop and manage nodes that are present in the network system. SNMP allows system administrator to work on the problems that are executed in the network and should plan for the growth of network. Network management service will identify the changes that are done in the network devices based SNMP (Douglas R. Mauro and Kevin James Schmidt, 2005). SNMP consists of three features; they are managed device, agents and network management system. Managed device is usually a network node. It contains SNMP agent that is located on a managed network. Management data that is gathered and stored will be available to network management system of SNMP. Managed devices can also be called as network elements. An agent is nothing but network management module software module which is present in the management device. This device has great knowledge on local management information and this information can ne transferred to SNMP. NMS usually carry out applications that can manage and control the managed device. Hence from the above discussion it is identified that SNMP is a protocol which can help in managing the networks. Why MIB Management Information Base (MIB) is an essential component for handling a network. The importance of MIB increased as it comprises data definitions for managed objects. For managing the networks through SNMP protocol, an information base is necessary. The information base must allow a user to retrieve required data. MIB provides the facility of managing databases in SNMP agents. Managed object instances stored in MIBs will be exchanged between SNMP agents and managers (Stephen B. Morris, 2003). Thus, MIB is necessary for managing the information while implementing SNMP protocol in networks. Managed objects in MIB will be specified with a unique identifier, a user has to send request regarding information by following a particular syntax. MIB in SNMP also helps in recognizing the present status of a network device. Identifying the network information in case of small networks can be done very easily as the host names and IP addresses can be available to the users directly. But in lar ge networks, a MIB

Futurism :: essays research papers

During the first decade of the twentieth century, a group of young Italian painters united together, under the influence of poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. Before creating their new style, these painters embraced the ideas of Marinetti’s The Foundation and Manisfesto of Futurism which appeared in the newspaper Le Figaro on February 20, 1909 (Tisdall 7). His manifesto of futurism was primarily concerned with peotry, but artists such as Boccioni, Balla, and Severini used his ideas and applied them to painting and sculpture. The Museum of Modern Art holds Umberto Boccioni’s Dynamism of a Soccer Player, 1913, a fine example of the Futurist vision. In his Futurist Painting: A Technical Manifesto, Boccioni tells us that the â€Å"growing need of truth is no longer satisfied with Form and Colour as they have been understood hitherto. The gesture which we would reproduce on canvas shall no longer be a fixed moment in universal dynamism. It shall be the â€Å"dynamic sensation itself† (Apollonio 27). This goal of creating the dynamic sensation itself, rather than simply a fixed moment within a dynamic action is exemplified, among other ideas of the Futurist movement in Boccioni’s Dynamism of a Soccer Player. Before going further however, it is necessary to discuss some of the principles of Futurism as created by Marinetti. Marinetti’s The Founding and Manifesto of Futurism is a work which begins like a work of poetry, and deals with the celebration with the technology, the future, and the machine, while rejecting the natural world and the past. Marinetti despises the sounds created by canals â€Å"muttering feeble prayers†, and â€Å"the creaking bones of sickly palaces,† while he embraces the â€Å"famished roar of automobiles† (Apollonio 19-20). He orders us to â€Å"shake the gates of life†, and instead, â€Å"test the bolts and hinges† (Apollonio 20). To Marinetti, technology and the machine, such as the automobiles, are to be embraced and celebrated for its speed and beauty. No longer is a natural landscape beautiful, rather â€Å"the world’s magnificence has been enriched by a new beauty: the beauty of speed. A racing car whose hood is adorned with great pipes, like serpents of explosive breath – a roaring car that seems to ride on grapesho t† is seen as more beautiful than any romantic painting (Apollonio 21). In addition to celebrating the machine, the Futurist movement represents a striding towards the future. This is accomplished by rejecting all of the past, even going as far as saying that it is harmful.

Disability Form

Good day! I am writing this letter to shed light on a recent incident that I have unfortunately been tied up in. as you may well know, I have been working for Borgota for five years. Over this time, I have been efficient and effective in the discharge of my functions and responsibilities. As fortune would have it, I have found myself in disability for the first time. As such, I was not fully aware nor was I apprised of the necessity of filing certain disability claims in order for me to receive my disability check.This led to the failure of the Department of Labor to process my disability checks for the past six weeks. I have never been one to shirk on my responsibilities and neither am I one to blame my misfortunes on other people. Yet, in this instance, I feel that my predicament warrants my action on this matter. Given my disabled status, I have had several difficulties adjusting to normal life and to normal routines.Understandably, it was difficult for me to adjust as I had to de al with this situation on my own. I am not asking for pity or sympathy but rather the understanding for somebody who is in my situation. Times are difficult and this disability of mine does not make things easier, as such, I am imploring your aid so that I can try to move on from this circumstance and soon pick myself up so that I can once again be a productive member of society.

How does Shakespeare portray changes in Hamlets character through soliloquy one and four Essays

How does Shakespeare portray changes in Hamlets character through soliloquy one and four Essays How does Shakespeare portray changes in Hamlets character through soliloquy one and four Paper How does Shakespeare portray changes in Hamlets character through soliloquy one and four Paper Essay Topic: Hamlet I am going to be looking at the first and fourth soliloquy in the play Hamlet to discover how Shakespeare portrays changes in Hamlet character through soliloquys one and four. Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare between 1599 and 1601 and is a story based on tragedy. Hamlet is the prince of Demark who has returned from college overseas to mourn his fathers death. When Hamlet returns he finds his mother already re-married to his fathers brother who will become the next king of Denmark. Denmark is on a high risk of invasion from Norwegian troops under the leadership of a young, inspirational prince named Fortinbras. After the untimely death of his father, Hamlet emotions begin to come clear. Contempt and anger become a daily emotion after his mothers re-marriage and suicide is a considered option. If not for religion, Hamlet would most likely commit suicide, but this is against his religious beliefs and morals. Hamlet feels self pity which is easily seen in the first line of the first soliloquy. We can see the repetition of the word too is used for the emphasis on the thick skin. Shakespeare uses the word melt. I think this for two reasons; one being that melting is slow but also to emphasise on the suffering and emotion it causes Hamlet as he cant take any more rumours, rumours surrounding the suspicion of Gertrude sudden marriage to old king Hamlets brother. When Hamlet talks about the melting of thick skin, I believe that he is referring to his family reputation. Hamlets self pity is seen best here, and resolve itself into a dew! . Hamlet wants everything to be over and to sort itself out. Hamlet is a religious person and its easy to see that Hamlet wishes he could kill himself. Hamlets suicidal thoughts are unable to be complete due to his beliefs. Here Hamlet blamesGod for not allowing him to die. I think this because Hamlet blames the Everlasting for not banishing a sin that which disallows him to commit suicide. This is best seen when he says not fixd his canon gainst self-slaughter. After his fathers death the world through his eyes is bland and boring. This shows us that Hamlet was obviously an admirer of his father and also shows what kind of character his father was, someone who could change someones life, make it more interesting. I think this because of the following quotation, How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable, Seem to me all the uses of this world! . In my opinion this shows the beginning of Hamlets downward spiral of depression that is to come. Hamlet is metaphorically unaware of what is happening around him. His life is inconsistent and is easily seen to be getting too much for him. This is shown in the following quotation, Fie ont ah fie! tis an un weeded garden. This is a great description as it gives us an image in our mind of what things are like for Hamlet. I believe Shakespeare uses un weeded garden to show us that the event in the garden which killed his father is the cause of all his problems. Hamlets disappointment in his mother shows through clearly in this soliloquy. A good example of this is, That it should come to this. This shows us that Hamlet obviously didnt want it to happen and that the way it happened. Further proof of his disappointment is shown in the following eleven lines, which heavily shows his bitter disappointment and the disgrace his mother has caused. Hamlet tells us that his father was dead for two months but then later tells us that he was dead for less than two months before Gertrude re-marries. This is used to emphasise the fact that Gertrude didnt wait long before re-marrying. Hamlet once again suggests that King Hamlet was a great man by saying, So excellent a king; that was, to this. Hamlets opinion of his father is very high, this is also shown in the following quotation, Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother. This tells us that king Hamlet was colossus to his friends and to his kingdom, someone with exceptional importance. Hamlet tells the audience that his fathers opinion of Gertrude was and most likely still is very high. A great example of this is, he might not beteem the winds of heaven visit her face to roughly. This is a great way of showing what his mother meant to his father. Hamlet tells us that his father always loving to his mother. Hamlets opinion of his father not only gives us a good impression of him but a bad one of his mother. Shakespeare does this very cleverly, as it makes us feel what Hamlet feels; that his mother is a traitor and a disgrace to the Kingdom. Hamlet continues to flout his mother by telling the audience that she would hang on him. This gives us the impression that Hamlet believes that she use his father for respect and significance inside the country, which could also be the reason for her marrying Claudius so quickly. He also tells us that he doesnt want to remember his mother and fathers time together, it can be seen in the following quote, Must I remember? . This is a very large statement made by Hamlet which shows massive loss of confidence in his mother and implies that he wants nothing to do with her anymore. Hamlet continues his angry outburst with further insult to his mother. It is easily seen when Hamlet uses Frailty, thy name is woman. This is not only an insult to his mother but to Ophelia his girl friend and to all women in general. He describes them as frail which is a major insult and tells us that he has lost all confidence in women. This shows a big turning point in Hamlet character as hes been so loving to Ophelia but now insults her. Hamlets disbelief of the fact that her mother re-married so quickly is show in the following quotation, A little month, or ere those shoes were old. I think this shows that Hamlet still cant believe it is because the fact has been said many times. Hamlet shows sympathy towards his father in this quotation she followed my poor fathers body. I think sympathy is shown for more than one reason; one because he has died, secondly because he has been betrayed by his brother and wife. I think this is motivation for Hamlet to avenge his fathers death. Shakespeare uses a comparison by comparing Gertrude and Niobe. He compares the tears that they shed to allow us to imagine her mourning. But later Hamlet tells us that a beast would have mournd longer which implies that her tears were false. Hamlets disgust is further obvious when he repeats that his mother has married his uncle but insists that Claudius is no more like his father than he is to Hercules. This can be seen in the following quotation, but no more like my father Than I to Hercules. This shows us that Hamlet doesnt think that Claudius is good enough to replace his father, and that he doesnt deserve the opportunity to replace him. Hamlet describes Gertrudes re-marrying as being so fast that the tears in her galled eyes had not had the chance to dry. This can be observed in the following quote, within a month: Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears Had left the flushing in her galled eyes, She married. Hyperbole is used in this description to emphasis on how fast she re-married. Hamlet stresses that their relationship is moving along to fast, and is concerned that it will come to no good. This can be seen in the following quotation, O, most wicked speed, to post With such dexterity to incestuous sheets! . I think that Hamlet is disgraced by the fact that it is made so obvious and especially so soon after his fathers death. I believe that Hamlet doesnt want it to work out for them as he says, But break, my heart; for I must hold my tongue. Hamlet cant express his feelings as Claudius is the new king and it could danger him if he was to speak out. I think Hamlet wants the relationship to end for two reasons; one being that it would be less disrespectful to his father reputation and secondly so that he can talk out. Shakespeare uses dramatic irony here to help the audience realize Hamlet frustration as his mother is unaware of the fact that he is unhappy about the marriage. Hamlets first soliloquy is the one that sets the tone for all the others. This is where we are first introduced to Hamlets emotions and feelings. This is where the downward spiral off Hamlets life begins where we can see a mixture of emotions consisting mostly of anger, depression and self doubt, leading to suicidal and miserable thoughts. Hamlets anger and contempt at those around him in soliloquy one combined with the secretive emotions raging to be unleashed only set the stage for what is to come. Between the first and last soliloquies; king Hamlet reappears at the castle who is spotted by Horratio and Marcellus, two of Hamlets closest friends. Horration and Marcellus tell Hamlet of what they have seen and he demands to keep castle watch with them. Polonius and Laertes strongly advise Ophelia not to get in to any relationship with prince Hamlet. Hamlet tells his friends on guard that Claudius revelry makes Denmark a laughing stock. This is the first time for him to share his opinion on Claudius with somebody else. The ghost appears, and Hamlet calls out to it. The ghost beckons Hamlet to follow it out into the night. His companions urge him not to follow, begging him to consider that the ghost might lead him toward harm. Hamlet declares that he cares nothing for his life and follows the ghost into the darkness. The ghost, confirmed as the ghost of late Hamlet tells Hamlet all about how Claudius poisoned him and that Hamlet should avenge his death but not to harm Gertrude. In act II both Polonius and Gertrude have different theorys to why hes experiencing a sudden change in character, while Claudius sends two spys to spy on him. Hamlet decides to use a play which he has edited to remake his fathers death in an attempt to find out if Claudius really did kill king Hamlet and also to put on an act of insanity to fol those around him. Claudius becomes suspicious of Hamlet and decides that Hamlet must be sent to England but is talked out of it by Gertrude. After the play occurs Claudius behaves in a manner that confirms Hamlets suspicion. Hamlet kills Polonius who is listening in on a conversation between Gertrude and Hamlet. While Hamlet scolds his mother the ghost of king Hamlet appears and tells him not to scold his mother, and that she should stop living with Claudius which she agrees to do. Gertrude speaks to Claudius who questions here on Polonius death but Gertrude lies for Hamlet by telling him that her son is mad. Hamlet is thought to literally be insane after months of acting the role of a crazy person. Hamlet tells Claudius that Polonius body is being eaten by worms, and that the king could send a messenger to find Polonius in heaven or seek him in hell himself. Claudius demands that Hamlet goes to England. Hamlet accepts. Claudius states his hope that England will obey the sealed orders he has sent with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The orders call for Prince Hamlet to be put to death. Hamlet intercepts the letter and makes sure that the instructions are for Rozencrants and Guildenstern to be killed. On a nearby plain in Denmark, young Prince Fortinbras marches at the head of his army, travelling through Denmark on the way to attack Poland. Fortinbras orders his captain to go and ask the King of Denmark for permission to travel through his lands. On his way, the captain encounters Hamlet, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern on their way to the ship bound for England. Laertes secretly travels back to Denmark after hearing of his sister and father deaths. Hamlets fourth and final soliloquy takes place in act four scene four where his self pitiful feelings are best seen. This is best seen when Hamlet says How all occasions do inform against me. In this quotation we can easily see that Hamlet thinks that everyone and everything is against him which makes him even more determined to fulfil his fathers wishes. This is best seen in the second line, And spur my dull revenge. In this quotation we can see that Hamlet becomes jaded of seeking this revenge when he uses the word dull to describe it. Hamlets self confidence is seen to be low. Its seen in the following quotations, What is a man, Be but to sleep and feed? Here Hamlet asks the audience a question which is referring to himself. Hamlet implies that he is lazy and that he doesnt work towards fighting for his fathers revenge. Hamlet answers the question himself in this quotation a beast. Shakespeare uses comparison here to compare Hamlet to an animal. Shakespeare uses this technique to give Hamlet a feeling of despair that is obvious to the audience. Hamlet, uncertain of his purpose in life and why god made him the way he did. It can be seen in the following quote, Looking before and after, gave us not That capability and god-like reason To fust in us unused. Hamlet tells the audience that he has metaphorically forgotten his plan of revenge due to thinking about it too much. This can be best seen when he says, whether it be bestial oblivion, or some craven scruple of thinking too precisely on the event. I think Shakespeare uses this to remind the audience of his crazy side and to emphasise on the importance of the task. Hamlet goes on to talk about his cowardliness in the next lines. He stresses that his plan is only quarter wisdom and three quarters coward, which shows that it was thought of during times of anger and disappointment. He continues to say that he should have completed the revenge by now. This can be seen in this quotation, Why yet I live to say This things to do;' This shows how weak Hamlets character has become, he cant complete a task which he has all the reasons to do. Proof of this is, Sith I have the cause and will and strength and means To dot. In my opinion the reason Hamlet has not completed the revenge is because hes distracted by something. I believe that it is Fortinbras that distracts Hamlet from his revenge. A good example of this is, Witness this army of such mass and charge Led by a delicate and tender prince. Hamlets admiration for Fortinbras is distracting him from his task. I think hes jelous of Fortinbras leadership ability. I think this because he says, Whos spirit with divine ambition. Hamlet envys his ambition, its as if Hamlet compares himself to Fortinbras by comparing each others ambition and also their spirits. This shows how weak Hamlets character has become. Hamlet continues to brag Fortinbras by commenting on his motivational speeches. Hamlet says that Fortinbras can motivate his soldiers to want to fight for more fortune. This is easily seen in the following quotation, Exposing what is mortal and unsure To all that Fortune. Further emphasis is put on Fortinbras speeches when hamlet tells us that Fortinbras can motivate his soldiers to fight for something so insignificant. He can motivate them to fight where death and danger dares to fight for something that metaphorically has the value of an egg-shell. Hamlet once again compares himself to Fortinbras who will fight for honour even if its over nothing. A good example of this is, But greatly to find quarrel in a straw. What Hamlet is trying to say is that Fortinbras is fighting for his uncles honour where he cant fight for his father honour. This shows the disintegration of Hamlets confidence and what was a strong, focused mind at the beginning of the play is now a shy, distracted character. Hamlet then states the obvious and shows further depression and disappointment. This is shown best in, How stand I then, That have a father killd, a mother staind, Excitements of my reason and my blood, and let all sleep. This is a very deep quotation from Hamlet as it shows that Hamlet cant understand why he hasnt completed the task. This shows uncertainty in his character and also disappointment in himself. This shows us also that Hamlet believes hes letting his father down. This is best seen in the following quotation, to my shame. This shows that Hamlet is ashamed of himself. Hamlet is intimidated by Fortinbras as he is willing to risk the imminent death of twenty thousand men for a fantasy and trick of fame. Hamlet is embarrassed because he isnt risking anything for his fathers revenge. Hamlet tries to assure himself that Fortinbras bravery will not come to good, as he is misleading his soldiers. Which can be seen in the next quotations, Go to their graves like beds and Where? n the numbers cannot try the cause, Which is not tomb enough and continent To hide the slain. Here Hamlet is convinced that twenty thousand men cannot be buried on the land which they are fighting for. Hamlet decides that from now on he must be concentrated on the task ahead. He decides to be more like young Fortinbras. This can be seen best when he says O, from this time forth, My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth! . He decides to be more concentrated in his quest for revenge. He makes sure from now on that he must be more aggressive. At the beginning of the play Hamlets emotions are mostly dominated by anger and contempt towards members of the family and also sadness due to the death of his father. Frustration and disappointment become key throughout the beginning of the play as these emotions are also used to form Hamlets character as we know it. Inconsistency in Hamlets day to day life causes more frustration and causes him to lose trust in others, mainly his mother who he is very disappointed in and blames for all the disheartening it has caused him. Due to Gertrudes sudden re-marriage Hamlet feels let down and becomes very angry because of the un loyalty she has shown to her late husband, Hamlets father. After his fathers death Hamlet looses one of his closest friends and most importantly a role model in his life and therefore has no one to look up to and to guide him. Shakespeare uses many techniques throughout the beginning of the play to form Hamlets character and to effect his emotions. For example he uses many comparisons in the first soliloquy between not only members of the family but also to describe his life. For example, Shakespeare compares Hamlets life to an Unweeded garden which gives us the impression that it is out of control. He also compares Hamlet to Hercules, saying that they are nothing alike. This tells us that Hamlet is physically and possibly mentally weak. Shakespeare uses hyperbole when describing king Hamlet. This is best seen when Hamlet says, Hyperion to a satyr. The exaggeration is in Hyperion to emphasise on the importance of his father to Hamlet but can also give us the impression that Hamlet is dependent on his father. Another technique that Shakespeare intentionally uses is using intense detail in a subtle way. For example Hamlet says that if it wasnt for religion that he would commit suicide. This tells us two things about Hamlet; one being that Hamlet feels suicidal and secondly that he is a religious person. Between the first and fourth soliloquy a lot of things cause a change in Hamlets character; Due to Claudiuss poor leadership and man management of the country we see Hamlet open up for the first time in the play and share his opinion with another person. Hamlet is shaken up by the fact that hes seen his fathers ghost who informs him that Claudius killed him and asks him to avenge his death. His frustration increases for a number of reasons; One being that he knows that Claudius killed his father and secondly that his mother is sleeping with his fathers killer which cause much heartbreak and distress which can be seen in the following quotation, But break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue. After Hamlets decision to take up an act of insanity which I believe to be one of the biggest changes in his character throughout the play shows us that he is ready to take responsibility of avenging his fathers death which also shows maturity. Although showing maturity and responsibility it may possibly show the beginning of Hamlet actually becoming insane. I think that this is the beginning of Hamlets real insanity as he purposely kills Polonius, someone who had not affected his father and who was not in Hamlets original plan of revenge. Another reason why I believe that Hamlet is on his way to becoming insane and a real killer is because he seems to be unaffected by the fact that he has caused the deaths of Rozencrants and Guildenstern. In soliloquy four we see almost a completely different character to what we saw in the first. I think this because his emotions have changed due to a change in desire. In soliloquy four we can see that Hamlet shows self pity which is a sign of a weak and unconfident person. It is easy to see that Hamlet is less depressed towards the end of the play as he does not feel suicidal. A good example of Hamlets self pity is in the opening line of the soliloquy, How all occasions do inform against me. All though Hamlet has not completed his revenge he still remains determined but the revenge is not so enjoyable as he describes it as being dull which shows sadness. Hamlet believes that he has become lazy which is a definite change in character. At the beginning of the play Hamlet was a hard worker, studying in a university in France. Hamlets character has changed considerably when talking about bravery. At the beginning of the play he was so determined and brave to considering that his father had died. But by the fourth soliloquy he has become in his own words a coward. I think Shakespeare used coward to describe Hamlet as that is the lowest a man can fall in terms of pride and being masculine which further shows how low on self esteem Hamlet is. Hamlet used to be such a focused and determined man, but by the end he is shy and distracted by the deaths of a number of people in the play. Another reason for Hamlets distraction is the young prince of Norway, Fortinbras. Hamlets admiration of Fortinbras grows throughout the play to become what I believe to be jealousy. I think this because of the obsession with his motivational ability and his desire to fight for honour and respect when he himself cannot. I think Shakespeare uses Fortinbras to intimidate Hamlet to show the audience that Hamlet has no confidence. This is a very clever technique used by Shakespeare as it is done in a subtle way. Shakespeare uses more comparison in the fourth soliloquy to show how ashamed of himself and his family Hamlet is by comparing himself to Fortinbras. Hamlet blames himself for the state his family is in. A good example of this is, how stand I then. Finally, Shakespeare uses hyperbole to emphasise on the pity that Hamlet shows towards the twenty thousand Norwegian soldiers that are about to lose their lives. On a hole Hamlets character has changed massively thorough the play. Shakespeare uses techniques such as Hyperbole to add to the drama and always writes in such detail throughout to supply a constant feed of information. At the beginning of the play Hamlet was a; suicidal, confused, angry and sad character who could not cope with his fathers death and mothers re-marriage. Hamlets self pitiful emotions and inconsistent day to day life lead to an out poor of depression and anger towards Claudius and his mother which cause him to kill on many occasions. Hamlets frustration during the play lead to further determination to complete his fathers revenge and under constant pressure from Fortinbras to become a better leader was forced into being bloody minded. What was the young prince of Denmark became an insane monster riddled with jealousy.